Multi-functional remote monitoring system

ABSTRACT

A multi-functional remote monitoring system for use in a mobile surveillance system comprising a host controller, at least one hub transceiver, and at least one remote monitoring transmitter (“RMT”) operable to capture and transmit data, wherein the hub transceiver is operable to communicate to and receive data from the at least one RMT. The hub transceiver and the RMT are adapted for bi-directional transmission and receipt of data, including audio and data signals. The host controller is operable to control the hub transceiver and facilitate communication of the audio and data signals between the RMTs and the hub transceiver.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/959,142, filed Aug. 5, 2013 which is a U.S.continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/609,811, filed Oct. 30, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,503,972, which is anon-provisional patent application claiming priority benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/109,858, filed Oct. 30, 2008, thedisclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference into thepresent application in their entirety.

The following U.S. patent applications are also incorporated byreference into the present application in their entirety (although nopriority benefit is claimed): U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/531,955, filed Sep. 14, 2006, and entitled “Rear View Mirror WithIntegrated Video System”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/189,192, filed Aug. 10, 2008, and entitled “Vehicle-Mounted VideoSystem with Distributed Processing.”

FIELD

The present invention is directed to monitoring and surveillancesystems. More particularly, the present invention is directed to amulti-functional remote monitoring system for use as an evidencegathering tool in a mobile video surveillance system.

BACKGROUND

In the law enforcement setting, it is often desirable to record orotherwise document events surrounding the law enforcement vehicle andofficer. Many law enforcement vehicles now include video systems forrecording and displaying activity in and around the vehicle. The videosystems are mounted in the vehicle and are operable to record and storevideo signals in an onboard memory. Immediate storage is desirable so asto document and forensically capture the events within and around thevehicle.

More recently, law enforcement officers have begun recording audiosignals when the officer leaves the vehicle, such as during a trafficstop. The officer wears a small, wireless microphone on the officer'sperson. The wireless microphone is then operable to, in real time,transmit the audio signals to a base station located in the vehicle,such as a transceiver including onboard memory. In some systems, thetransceiver is stored in the video system, and in other systems, it is aseparate device located in the vehicle. Some base stations are operableto send control signals to the wireless microphone, and, as noted above,to receive audio signals, in the form of radio signals, from thewireless microphone.

The base stations are configured to provide a charging socket for thewireless microphone, an antenna for communicating with the microphone,connectors for inputting control lines and power to the microphone, andoutput lines for the audio signals received from the microphone.Although the base station is operable to receive from the microphoneaudio signals and record the signals in the base station's onboardmemory, the base station is typically limited to only thisfunctionality. If the law enforcement officer travels outside the rangeof the base station's transceiver, then any audio signals recorded bythe microphone are not stored and are lost. This is extremelyunfortunate in situations where crucial evidence is lost.

Accordingly, there is a need for a remote monitoring system thatincludes a wireless microphone operable to allow a user, such as a lawenforcement officer, to travel outside a transmit range of a basestation, such as the officer's vehicle, without fear of losing evidencerecorded by the microphone. Additionally, there is a need for amulti-functional remote monitoring system having a remote monitoringtransmitter operable to record numerous types of data, such as audiosignals, video signals, still images, and other data, and selectivelystore the recorded data in an onboard memory and then transmit the datato a base station when the officer is within a transmit range. There isalso a need for a multi-functional remote monitoring system operable toassist the user in performing his/her law enforcement duties when awayfrom the officer's vehicle, so that the officer need not return to thevehicle to perform routine duties, such as verifying the authenticity ofa driver's license and obtaining information for a holder of thelicense. Finally, there is need for a multi-functional remote monitoringsystem that presents full, bi-directional capabilities by allowing boththe transmission and receipt of both audio and data signals from theremote monitoring transmitter and to the base station.

SUMMARY

The present invention comprises a multi-functional remote monitoringsystem for use in a mobile surveillance system. The remote monitoringsystem includes a host controller, a hub transceiver, and at least oneremote monitoring transmitter operable to capture and transmit datato/from the host controller, the hub transceiver, and other remotemonitoring transmitters. The hub transceiver and the remote monitoringtransmitter are adapted for bi-directional transmission and receipt ofaudio and data signals.

The present invention further provides a multi-functional remotemonitoring and surveillance system for use in a mobile videosurveillance system that is a true evidence gathering tool. A single hubtransceiver (such as, for example, an in-car transceiver (“ICT”) andantenna) is capable of operating with multiple remote monitoringtransmitters (“RMTs”). Each RMT is operable to send and receive audioand data signals to/from the hub transceiver. The host controller isoperable to control the hub transceiver, and in embodiments of thepresent invention, the RMTs, and facilitate communication of the audioand data signals between the RMTs and the hub transceiver. A pluralityof components is included in the RMT to assist in acquiring, storing,and transmitting audio and data signals.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the RMT is wireless andincludes a microphone, a speaker, a microprocessor, and an onboardmemory. The RMT is operable to record digital audio signals surroundingthe RMT and to receive audio signals that can then be broadcast on thespeaker. When the RMT is in transmit range of the hub transceiver, whichis located in a vehicle, for example, the RMT transmits the recordedaudio signals to the hub transceiver in real time, or substantially realtime, for storage in a memory of the hub transceiver. However, when theRMT is outside of transmit range of the hub transceiver, the RMT storesthe recorded audio signals in the onboard memory of the RMT. When theRMT determines it is within transmit range of the hub transceiver, theRMT then transmits the audio signals to the hub transceiver for storagein its memory.

Additionally, because the RMT can transmit signals to the hubtransceiver it is assigned to, referred to as the native hubtransceiver, and other hub transceivers and RMTs, the RMT canadvantageously determine an optimal transmit path that saves power andensures that the recorded audio signals are transmitted and stored in asecure memory.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the RMT includescomponents in addition to the microphone and speaker for recording othertypes of data, such as an integrated global positioning system (“GPS”)transceiver connected to a GPS antenna and a display. The GPStransceiver allows the RMT to display and transmit to the hubtransceiver its GPS location.

In another aspect of the present invention, the system calculates anoptimum power usage for transmitting and receiving data based upon thelocation, determined via the respective GPS transceiver, of one or moreRMTs in relation to the hub transceiver or in relation to other RMTs.Alternatively, the system calculates an optimum power usage by generallycontinuously, or at least frequently, monitoring signal strength levelsand communicating such level between the RMT and the hub transceiver.

In even further embodiments of the present invention, the RMT includesone or more sensors, readers, or other components for obtainingbiometric and/or biological data, such as a fingerprint reader forobtaining fingerprint data. The RMT can then transmit the biometricand/or biological data to the hub transceiver for further processingand/or analysis.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the RMT includes astill-shot or video subsystem for capturing images and video andtransmitting back to the hub transceiver for identification, analysis,or other processing. The image may be, for example, a person's face or adriver's license, or any other image desired by a user of the presentsystem to be transmitted back to the hub transceiver.

In one aspect of the invention, the RMT includes a feature to assist indetermining the authenticity of a driver's license. In one embodiment,an ultraviolet (“UV”) light-emitting diode (“LED”) illuminator isincluded for visualizing fluorescent or UV-dependent markings on adriver's license that are invisible under normal light. In anotherembodiment of the present invention, an infrared (“IR”) LED may beprovided.

Each RMT or hub transceiver is operable to function as a node orrouter/repeater to allow the RMTs and hub transceivers to act as a meshnetwork, which extends the range of the system and provides additionalcapabilities. When necessary or desirable, each RMT may itself functionas a hub transceiver with respect to other RMTs of the present system.

An Emergency/Officer Down mode, in one embodiment, allows the RMT toscan all channels to find any available hub transceiver beacon signal ifit is unable to find its own hub transceiver.

These and other features of the present invention are described ingreater detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

The present invention is described herein with reference to thefollowing drawing figures:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a remote monitoring system of embodimentsof the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a vehicle surveillance system for use withthe remote monitoring system of embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vehicle surveillance system mountedin a rearview mirror of a vehicle;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustrating a relative amount of data transmittedbetween a prior art hub transceiver and remote monitoring transmitter;and

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustrating a relative amount of data transmittedbetween a hub transceiver and a remote monitoring transmitter ofembodiments of the present invention.

The drawing figures do not limit the present invention to the specificembodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearlyillustrating the principles of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With reference to the figures, and specifically FIG. 1, amulti-functional remote monitoring system 10 is described andillustrated in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.Embodiments of the present invention provide the multi-functional remotemonitoring system 10 for use in an in-car or other fixed or mobile videosurveillance system 12 that is capable of being used as an evidencegathering tool. The remote monitoring system 10 broadly comprises a hostcontroller 14, at least one hub transceiver 16 in communication with andoperable to be controlled by the host controller 14, and at least oneremote monitoring transmitter (“RMT”) 18 in communication with andoperable to be controlled by either or both of the host controller 14and the at least one hub transceiver 16.

The RMT 18 of the system 10 allows for remotely capturing, storing,transmitting, and receiving audio and data signals, including, forexample and without limitation, GPS location, audio data, time and datedata, biometric or biological data, images and video, text messages, andmetadata. The system 10 is operable to wirelessly transmit data amongthe host controller 14, the hub transceiver 16, and the at least one RMT18 via a communications network 20, such as the Internet, a Wi-Fi link,or a radio-frequency (“RF”) link, or directly via a manual connection21, such as a universal serial bus (“USB”), an Ethernet port, or an SDcard.

Additionally, the RMT 18 is capable of bi-directional audio and datatransmission with the hub transceiver 16. In embodiments of the presentinvention where the hub transceiver 16 is provided in a vehicle, forexample, the bi-directional functionality allows the user, such as apolice officer inside the vehicle, to signal or communicate with atleast one other officer outside the vehicle with either audio or datatransmissions.

The system 10 further includes a computer program for implementing thevarious aspects of the invention. Portions of the computer programstored on memories of the hub transceiver 16 and RMT 18 can be updatedin the field via the communications network 20 or manual connection 21.

Video Surveillance System

Before turning to the details of the present invention, a context isprovided in the form of a brief description of an exemplary videosurveillance system 12 suitable for use with the present invention. Sucha system 12 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, discussed in more detail below,and further described in the '955 and '192 patent applications notedabove. Both of the referenced patent applications are assigned toDigital Ally, Inc., the assignee of the present application, and arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The videosurveillance system 12 described below is intended to be exemplary andnot limiting of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of an in-car video surveillancesystem 12 adaptable for use with the embodiments of present inventionbroadly comprises a housing 22, an internal camera 24, a video monitoror display 26, a processor or electronics module 28, a memory 30, aninternal microphone 32, a speaker 34, input selectors 36, LED indicators38, input connectors 40, output connectors 42, and at least one infraredLED 44. The system 20 may also include at least one external camera 46,a GPS transceiver 48 with a GPS antenna 48 a, a speed detector 50, andan accelerometer 52.

In embodiments of the present invention, the housing 22 of the videosurveillance system is a rearview mounted mirror housing 54, asillustrated in FIG. 3. The components of the system 20 are operable tobe housed within the mirror housing 54 so as to present a fullyintegrated video surveillance system 20 in the mirror housing 54. Themirror housing 54 replaces a standard rearview mounted mirror and assuch, includes a mirror 56.

The internal camera 24 is typically positioned on an upper and centralportion of the mirror housing 54 so that it can capture video images ofactivity within the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Alternatively,the internal camera 24 may be hidden behind the mirror 56. The internalcamera 24 may be mounted so as to view both forward and rearward of thecamera 24. Additionally, the camera 24 may be mounted at an appropriateangle, such as approximately 10.degree.-20.degree. to the left ofvertical, so that the camera 24 is able to properly view the passengercompartment even when the mirror 56 is angled towards the driver duringnormal use. Camera 24 may also be mounted at approximately 160.degree.or greater when camera 24 is a wide-angle camera. In embodiments of thepresent invention, two or more cameras 24 are housed within housing 22.One appropriate internal camera 24 is a 510.times.492 black and whiteCMOS sensor with TV resolution, 0.01 Lux sensitivity, and a 140.degree.4-element coated glass lens.

The external camera 46 may be mounted outside of the mirror housing 54in a separate, external camera enclosure 58. The external camera 46 isuseful to record, for example and without limitation, video images whena user, such as a police officer, leaves the vehicle, such as during atraffic stop. More than one external camera (not shown) may be employed.For example, a second external camera may be employed to record eventsoccurring at a rear of the vehicle. An exemplary external camera 46 is acolor CCD sensor NTSC with 768.times.484 pixels and 470 lines ofresolution, a 10.times. optical zoom and auto focus capabilities, a wideviewing angle, and standard and low light modes. In embodiments of thepresent invention, no external camera 46 is employed, and instead, theinternal camera 30 is operable to record video images external to thevehicle.

The monitor or display 26 may be mounted substantially behind the mirror56 and operate in conjunction with the mirror 56 so that when themonitor 26 is turned on, it is viewable through the mirror 26, and whenit is turned off, it is not visible. The monitor 26 may be operable toautomatically turn off when the vehicle begins to move or when thevehicle's transmission is shifted into reverse or drive, so that thevehicle's driver has full use of the mirror 56 while the vehicle is inmotion. Alternatively, the monitor 15 may be mounted adjacent to or onlypartially behind the mirror 56. One appropriate monitor 26 is a 3.5 inchdiagonal, 640.times.480 TFT LCD monitor.

he processor or electronics module 28 is operable to receive andtransmit data and instructions from and to the host controller 14. Inparticular and without limitation, the processor 28 is operable toreceive video signals from the video cameras 24,46 and selectivelytransmit the signals to the monitor 26, to the host controller 14, andto the memory 30. The processor 28 also includes components operable toreceive and execute instructions stored in the memory 30. In embodimentsof the present invention, these instructions include menu instructionsfor setting operational modes and resolutions. These instructions may beupdated by loading instructions into a memory card and then insertingthat card into a port (not shown) in the system 12 or via thecommunications network 20 or manual connection 21.

The input and output connectors 40,42 are operable to receive the manualconnection 21 and other transmitters for receiving and transmitting datato the system 12 and receiving power. For example and withoutlimitation, the input and output connectors 40,42 may be employed todirectly access the memory 30 using a laptop or other computer. Theinput connectors 40 may include, for example, a connector for power. Inembodiments of the present invention where the GPS transceiver 48, thespeed detector 50, and the accelerometer 52 are external to the mirrorhousing 54, one or more input connectors 40 may be employed toelectronically connect the transceiver 48, the detector 50, and theaccelerometer 52 to the processor 28 and memory 30.

The input connectors 40 may also be coupled with one or more activators(not shown) for transmitting and/or receiving signals, as applicable, toactivate operation of the system 12. These activators may include, forexample, turning on the vehicle's siren and/or signal lights. The inputconnectors 40 may also receive an output of the external camera 46 andan output of an external microphone. The output connectors 42 mayinclude, for example, an audio/visual connector for transmittingaudio/visual signals to an external monitor or recording device, or toremote wireless microphones discussed in more detail below. Input andoutput connectors 40,42 may be a port, such as a USB, Ethernet port, oran SD card.

Additionally or alternatively, any one or more of the connectors 40,42may be replaced with wireless communication technology, which wouldallow the system 12 to wirelessly receive or transmit any of theaforementioned inputs or outputs. In one embodiment, the input andoutput connectors 40,42 are provided on an interface module or block(not shown) that is not located on or integrated into the housing 22 butrather is located in a remote location, such as under the vehicle'sdash, and operatively coupled with the system 12 by wire or wirelessly.In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the input andoutput connectors 40,42 are the same connector.

The video surveillance system 12 may also include components forreceiving audio signals from audio sources, such as the internalmicrophone 32, and for transmitting audio signals to the speaker 34. Thesystem 12 may also include components for receiving wireless signalsfrom one or more remote microphones, such as a microphone included withthe RMT 18 worn or carried by the user, as discussed in more detailbelow. In this instance, the system 12 includes, in one embodiment, anintegrated 900 MHz (or another suitable frequency allowed by law) spreadspectrum, dual receiver capable remote microphone system with a nominalrange of up to approximately 1000 feet or greater (a range of severalmiles may be achieved under the proper conditions).

The system 12 may also include an integrated GPS transceiver 48connected to the GPS antenna 48 a. Utilizing the information provided bythe GPS transceiver 48, the system 12 may mark recorded video withreal-time position data. The system 12 may further include a “deadreckoning” function that operates in conjunction with the GPStransceiver 48 to allow for operation in shielded locations, such asunderground garages.

In embodiments of the present invention, the video surveillance system12 includes an external transceiver 60 and an antenna 62 mounted to themirror housing 54, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The antenna 62 may be inaddition to or replace the GPS antenna 48 a. The transceiver 60 andantenna 62 are preferably operable to assist in wirelessly communicatingaudio and data signals to and from the system 12 and the host controller14.

Remote Monitoring System Host Controller

In embodiments of the present invention, the video surveillance system12 described above serves as the host controller 14, such that thesystem 12 is operable to further control the hub transceiver 16 and/orRMT 18 of the remote monitoring system 10, as described herein. Inembodiments where the video surveillance system 12 also serves as thehost controller 14 for the remote monitoring system 10, the processor28, memory 30, and other components of the system 12 perform thefunctions of the host controller 14 described herein.

In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the host controller14 of the remote monitoring system 10 is separate from the videosurveillance system 12. In such embodiments, the host controller 14 is acomputing device that includes its own processor 15 and memory 17 and ishoused in a separate housing, although the host controller 14 may stillbe in close physical proximity to the surveillance system 12.

In even further alternative embodiments of the present invention, thehost controller 14 is a computing device located at a central location,such as a law enforcement station. In such instance, the host controller14 is not in close physical proximity to the video surveillance system12. In such an alternative embodiment, the host controller 14 maycomprise a plurality of computing devices.

Regardless of whether the host controller 14 is part of the surveillancesystem 12 or is separate, the host controller 14 is in communicationwith either or both of the at least one hub transceiver 16 and the atleast one RMT 18 via the communications network 20 or manual connection21. The host controller 14 operates or hosts the computer program andserves as a repository for transmitted data and programs used toimplement certain aspects of the present invention, as described in moredetail below.

The host controller 14 may be any computing device such as a networkcomputer running Windows, Novel Netware, Unix, or any other networkoperating system. The host controller 14 may be connected to anothercomputing device that serves as a firewall to prevent tampering withinformation stored on or accessible by the host controller 14 and to acomputing device operated by an administrator of the host controller viaanother communications network.

The processor 15 may include microprocessors, microcontrollers,programmable intelligent computers (PICs), or the like. The processormay also include field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or otherprogrammable logic devices (PLDs), fully-custom or semi-customapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any other devicethat is described by one or more code segments of a hardware descriptionlanguage (HDL). Further, the processor 15 may include combinations ofany of the components listed. It is to be specifically understood thatfor ease of reference, the above description of the processor 15 shallalso apply to the processor 28 for the surveillance system 12, themicroprocessor 74 for the RMT, and the microprocessor 96 for the hubtransceiver, as discussed below.

The memory 17 generally stores transmitted audio and data signals andother information for the operation of the remote monitoring system 10.The memory 17 may include, for example, removable and non-removablememory elements such as random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory(ROM), flash, magnetic, optical, USB memory devices, and/or otherconventional memory elements, such as hard-disk drives. It is to bespecifically understood that for ease of reference, the abovedescription of the memory 17 shall also apply to the memory 30 for thesurveillance system 12, the memory 76 for the RMT, and the memory 98 forthe hub transceiver, as discussed below.

The computer program of the present invention is stored in or oncomputer-readable medium residing on or accessible by the hostcontroller 14 for instructing the host controller to operate certainsteps of the present invention as described herein. The computer programpreferably comprises an ordered listing of executable instructions forimplementing logical functions in the host controller 14, the hubtransceiver 16, and the RMT 18. Alternatively, portions of the computerprogram or a subset of the program, and in particular, certain codesegments, can be individually stored on the hub transceiver 16 and theRMT 18 to implement certain steps of the present invention. Therefore,the discussion of the computer program herein is to be understood as allcode segments, either individually or collectively, that are executed toimplement the steps and features described herein.

The computer program can be embodied in any computer-readable medium foruse by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus,or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system,or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instructionexecution system, apparatus, or device, and execute the instructions. Inthe context of this application, a “computer-readable medium” can be anymeans that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport theprogram for use by or in connection with the instruction executionsystem, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable medium can be, forexample, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical,electro-magnetic, infrared, or semi-conductor system, apparatus, device,or propagation medium. More specific, although not inclusive, examplesof the computer-readable medium include the following: an electricalconnection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable,programmable, read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an opticalfiber, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). Thecomputer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable mediumupon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronicallycaptured, via for instance, optical scanning of the paper or othermedium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitablemanner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

In addition to the various steps and features implemented by thecomputer program of the present invention described in detail below, inone embodiment of the present invention, the computer program includes acode segment for searching and retrieving stored video based solely orin combination on any of the following: user name, vehicle ID,date/time, event ID, and case and serial number. The computer programalso includes a code segment for adding notes and annotations to videos,including video frames, and images, such as a particular criminaloffense, a driver's license number, a ticket number, and comments. Thecomputer program also includes code segments for general archiving andmanagement of recorded data.

Hub Transceiver

As used herein, the term “hub transceiver” refers to any hub for one ormore RMTs 16, as described below. The hub transceiver 16 of the presentinvention may be, for example, an in-car transceiver (“ICT”) and anantenna and include a microprocessor 96, a memory 98, and alocation-determining device, such as a GPS transceiver and antenna. Thehub transceiver 16 includes firmware and/or software operable to executeinstructions and process data received from the RMT 18.

In embodiments of the present invention, the hub transceiver 16 ishoused within the housing 22 of the surveillance system 12. Inalternative embodiments, the hub transceiver 16 is physically separatefrom, but still in close proximity to, the surveillance system 12, i.e.,the hub transceiver is still located in the vehicle. In even furtheralternative embodiments, the hub transceiver is located in a building orother relatively secure location.

In embodiments of the present invention, the hub transceiver 16 isoperable to transmit at full power at all times, regulations permitting,and is fully controlled by the host controller 14. The host controller14 is further operable to facilitate communication of the audio and datasignals between the at least one RMT 18 and the at least one hubtransceiver 16. The hub transceiver 16 is preferably operable totransmit instructions, data, and other signals to one or more RMTsand/or independently control the RMTs. In embodiments of the presentinvention, any RMT 18 is selectively operable to serve as a hubtransceiver 16 with respect to other RMTs of the system 10 in the eventthe hub transceiver to which the RMT should transmit and receive data(otherwise known as the native hub transceiver) is unavailable.

Remote Monitoring Transmitter (“RMT”)

The RMT 18 of the remote monitoring system 10 presents a lightweight,wireless, and hand-held device that can travel with the user, such as anofficer, when the user is separated from the vehicle, and therefore, thehub transceiver 16 and the video surveillance system 12. The RMT 18includes various components, described in detail below, that allow forremote evidence gathering and surveillance.

Embodiments of the RMT 18 of the present invention include amicroprocessor 74 associated with an on-board, non-volatile memory 76.The microprocessor is operable to assist in receiving and transmittingaudio and data signals to and from the RMT 18. The memory 76 allows foron-board storage of audio and data information to prevent loss ofvaluable evidence obtained through use of the system 10 when the RMT 18is outside of a transmit range. A wired or wireless connector, such as aUSB, RF, or Wi-Fi link, enables stored information to be downloaded fromthe RMT 18, and further allows the computer program utilized by the RMT18 to be updated in the field.

As noted above, the RMT 18 of embodiments of the present inventionincludes various components for assisting a user, such as a lawenforcement officer, in performing his/her duties and in recording andstoring audio and data signals in a forensically verifiable manner. Inone embodiment of the present invention, the RMT 18 includes amicrophone 80 and a speaker 82 for respectively recording audio signalsand for receiving audio signals from another device, such as the hubtransceiver 16, host controller 14, or another RMT.

The microphone 80 may be an internal microphone, an external microphoneoperably coupled with the RMT 18, or both. It is contemplated that inembodiments of the present invention having an RMT 18 including bothinternal and external microphones 80, each microphone 80 may be usedindividually or both microphones 80 may be used concurrently. Themicrophone(s) can be used in gathering of evidence or in any othercommunications between the officer and the hub transceiver 16 or hostcontroller 14. Audio signals recorded by the microphone 80 could bestored directly on the memory 76 of the RMT 18, directly on the memory98 of the hub transceiver 16, or only stored on the memory 76 of the RMT18 when the RMT is outside of transmit range to access and store on thememory 98 of the hub transceiver 16.

The speaker 82 allows audio signals to be sent to the RMT 18 andcommunicated to the officer. For example, if an officer in possession ofone RMT needs to relay information to an officer in possession ofanother RMT, the microphone/speaker combination allows the officers tocommunicate with each other. Further, such audio communication isrecorded and stored on the RMT on-board memory 76 or is transmitted tothe hub transceiver 16 if the RMT is within transmit range. Storage ofaudio communication is advantageous for evidentiary purposes, especiallyfor law enforcement personnel.

he RMT 18 of embodiments of the present invention may also include alocation-determining device, such as an integrated GPS transceiver 64connected to a GPS antenna 66. The GPS transceiver 64 and antenna 66allows the RMT to display and transmit to the hub transceiver 16 its GPSlocation. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the RMT18 includes an electronic compass subsystem 67 to assist a user infinding a direction or otherwise establishing his/her bearing when notin motion.

An alert mechanism 68 in the RMTs 18 of embodiments of the presentinvention provides for covert signaling of the user carrying the RMT 18by another individual having an RMT 18, an individual present at the hubtransceiver 16, and/or, if applicable, an individual at the hostcontroller 14 of the present system 10. In embodiments of the presentinvention, the alert mechanism 68 is a vibrator that can be remotelypowered on to covertly alert the user carrying the RMT 18.

In embodiments of the present invention, the system 10 includes anEmergency\Officer Down mode initiated by selecting an input 70. In oneembodiment, selection of the Emergency/Officer Down input 70 operates tosend a signal to the RMT's 18 native hub transceiver 16 to indicate adistress message. In another embodiment, selection of the input 70allows the RMT 18 to scan all available channels to send any availablehub transceiver a beacon signal in the situation where the RMT 18 isunable to communicate with its native hub transceiver 16 or where thenative hub transceiver is not attended to by a user. In one embodimentof the Emergency\Officer Down mode, a digital message is transmitted toany available hub transceiver 16. Preferably, the transmission power isadjusted to a maximum level to increase the possibility of reaching anavailable hub transceiver. In addition to transmitting the generaldistress message, the RMT 18 is also operable to transmit any of a GPSlocation, a name or a badge number of the officer who is down orinvolved in the emergency, and any other pertinent data as configured bythe officer. A repeating voice message providing these details may alsobe transmitted. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, thetransmitted digital message may be encoded and then decoded by the hubtransceiver 16.

The Emergency/Officer Down mode is activated, in one embodiment, byselecting the input 70 for a predetermined length of time that is longerthan a normal or common activation time. The predetermined length oftime is programmable to assist in the prevention of false activation ofthe Emergency/Officer Down mode. If the RMT 18 is equipped withbiometric or other sensors, as discussed below, the RMT 18 is capable ofactivating the Emergency/Officer Down mode based on readings from thesesensors or other programmed conditions. In such an embodiment of thepresent system 10, for example, biometric sensors 72 are included in theRMT 18 to monitor the user's health or stress level. Biometricmeasurements taken to provide information regarding the physical and/ormental state of the user may include, but are not limited to, heartrate, respiration, bleed oxygen saturation, temperature, or otherphysical or mental indicators. In alternative embodiments of the presentinvention, the Emergency/Officer Down mode is activated by pressing twoinputs 70 simultaneously, such as a “Transmit” and a “Memo” button.

The RMT 18 may also include a recorder 78 that allows the user, such asthe officer, to record notes and witness interviews. The recorder 78 ispreferably activated via an input (not shown) on the RMT 18. Informationobtained via the recorder 78 may be stored in the RMT's onboard memory76 and later transmitted to the hub transceiver 16, the host controller14, or other desired location. Alternatively, the information may bestreamed to either of the host controller 14 and hub transceiver 16 andstored on the respective memories of the components.

The RMT 18 may also include a camera 86, preferably wide-angle, forrecording still-shots or video or otherwise capturing images and videoand transmitting the images or video back to the hub transceiver 16 foridentification, analysis, or other uses. The images may be, for example,a suspect's face or a driver's license. The user may selectively actuatean input to begin recording of video via the camera 86, such as whenapproaching a suspect. Any suitable image or video may be transmittedbetween the hub transceiver 16 of the present system 10 and one or moreRMTs 18. For example, an image of a suspect could be transmitted to thehub transceiver 16 from the host controller 14, and the hub transceiver16 could in turn transmit to the RMT 18.

The RMT 18 is also operable to store pre-event video. For example,should the user select the input to begin recording video, the RMT 18could be programmed to automatically store a pre-set period of videoprior to the user manually instructing the RMT 18 to store the capturedvideo. Alternatively, the RMT 18 could be programmed to capture andrecord all video upon activation or power-up of the RMT 18.

In an even further embodiment of the present invention, the camera 86may be remotely coupled with the RMT 18. In such a case, the user couldwear a small, discrete camera on the user's person. The images or videorecorded by the camera 86 could be immediately uploaded to and stored onthe memory 76 of the RMT 18.

RMTs 18 of embodiments of the present invention may also include abiometric/assay server 88 operably coupled with one or more mechanismsfor receipt of biometric indicia and/or biological assays, such asbreath or saliva. The mechanisms for receipt of biometric indicia and/orbiological assays include, without limitation, a fingerprint scanner 90,a DNA intake 92, and a breath alcohol content (“BAC”) intake 94. Forexample, if the RMT 18 includes the fingerprint scanner 90, the usercould request a suspect to place his/her fingerprint on the scanner 90.The scanner 90 would read the fingerprint, which would be transmitted tothe biometric/assay server 88, to the microprocessor 74, and eventuallyto either of the host controller 14 or hub transceiver 16, where itcould be analyzed and identified. Other contemplated biometric indiciaor biological assays for analysis and identification by the RMT includea retinal scan, iris recognition, facial recognition, blood data, voicedata, DNA, and hand geometry.

The RMT 18 may also include a UV or IR LED illuminator to assist withoperation of the camera 86 or as a stand-alone feature to assist indetermining the authenticity of a document or ID card such as, forexample, a driver's license.

In embodiments of the present invention, the RMT 18 includes a display84, such as an LCD monitor, for playback of recorded images, asdiscussed in more detail below, or for providing graphical GPSinformation or other information, including text messages, images ofsuspects, and the like. The display 84 may be a touch-screen display forreceiving inputs via the user's digits or via a stylus. The displaycould also be associated with a keyboard for inputting text orinstructions.

The above-discussed components of the RMT 18 are preferably housed in ahousing that can easily travel with the user. The housing is preferablyless than 10 inches in width and 10 inches in length, more preferablyless than 6 inches in width and 6 inches in length, and most preferablyless than 4 inches in width and 4 inches in length. The housing may beworn by the user on the user's clothing or via a lanyard, for example.The housing further includes a power source, such as a rechargeable andremovable battery, for powering the RMT 18.

It is specifically noted that the RMT 18 of embodiments of the presentinvention could include one or a combination of the above-listedfeatures. For example, the RMT could include the GPS transceiver andassociated antenna, the microphone, the Emergency/Officer Down input,and the vibrator, but exclude the display, the biometric sensors, andother components. Alternatively, the RMT 18 could include only themicrophone and speaker. Therefore, it is to be understood that the RMTsof embodiments of the present invention may present different componentsand features depending on the preferences of the user, cost, and otherparameters.

Operation of the Remote Monitoring System

As noted above, the remote monitoring system 10 is operable to transferdata between and among the host controller 14, the at least one hubtransceiver 16, and the at least one RMT 18. Referring to FIG. 4, ablock diagram illustrating an amount of relative data transmittedbetween a base station and a wireless communications device having amicrophone of the prior art is provided, with the length and size ofeach arrow being proportional to an amount of data transmitted. Asillustrated, a prior art base station may accept a relatively largeamount of data from an associated communications device; in contrast,however, the base station is only operable to transmit a relativelysmall amount of data to the communications device. The communicationsdevice typically provides audio and control signals to the base station,whereas the base station typically sends only control signals to thecommunications device. Typical prior art systems allow for transfer ofaround 8 kbps from the communications device and to the base station,and prior art base stations typically transfer only a byte or two ofinformation to the communications device, primarily for purposes ofactivation, shutdown, or synchronization.

In contrast to the above-described base station and communicationsdevice, embodiments of the present invention present the hub transceiver16 and RMT 18 that are each operable to transmit to and receive from theother approximately the same amount of data, as illustrated in FIG. 5.In particular, the RMT 18 is operable to transmit data to the hubtransceiver 16 at approximately 9-20 kilobits per second (kbps) and morepreferably at least approximately 11 kbps, and similarly, the hubtransceiver 16 is operable to transmit data to the RMT at approximately9-20 kbps and more preferably at least approximately 11 kbps. The remotemonitoring system 10 may transfer data among the host controller 14, thehub transceiver 16, and the RMT 18 at a transfer data rate ofapproximately 35-80 kbps and more preferably at least approximately 43kbps. Thus, the remote monitoring system 10 of embodiments of thepresent invention is operable to transfer a significantly larger amountof data between and among the various components of the system 10.Additionally, this data may be of any type, and the data type may beunspecified, whereas prior art systems are limited to audio and controldata. The system 10 of embodiments of the present invention thusprovides bi-directional communication of all data between the hubtransceiver 16 and one or more RMTs 18, as well as between individualRMTs 18. Bi-directional transmission of data allows for all datacollected by the RMT 18 to be transmitted to either or both of the hubtransceiver 16 and host controller 14, and vice-versa. In variousembodiments of the present system 10, the data transmitted may be, butare not limited to, any of the following: system settings, time anddate, audio signals, GPS location, and associated metadata.

In addition to the system 10 providing fully digital, bi-directionaltransmission of audio and data, embodiments of the present inventionalso include true frequency hopping operation, wherein the system 10uses full power and conforms to the regulations of an appropriategoverning body (e.g., the FCC or a regulatory body in the EU) forfrequency hopping. In contrast, prior art systems use a smart number ofchannels or make use of modified hopping schemes that dwell longer oneach channel. Thus, the present remote monitoring system 10 is lesssusceptible to interference, and less likely to cause interference, thansystems not utilizing a “true” frequency hopping approach.

In embodiments of the present invention, the frequency hoppingfunctionality of the system 10 is enhanced by the system's ability toperform a “Site Analysis” to determine the best hopping channels. TheSite Analysis is largely dependent on alternate channels selected aspart of a synchronization process. During the synchronization process, anumber of substitute channels are generated by a hub transceiversecurity code seed. Alternate channel options are available for the hopsequence and can be switched in or out from the sequence as they becomebusy during active hopping or in a hub transceiver beacon mode. Acommand transmitted from either the hub transceiver 16 or the RMT 18notifies the transceiver 16 that one of the channels has been switchedto an alternate channel, while still transmitting audio packets on thecurrent channel. The channels are determinable from the security codeseed values so that an RMT 18 coming into range is able to determinewhether it is currently, or will be, receiving signals on the alternatechannel.

In even further embodiments of the present invention, ambient,environmental, or other background noise can be compensated for inrecorded audio data. The RMT 18 preferably includes a selectable andprogrammable digital noise reducer that allows a user to select fromamong multiple settings for various ambient or environmental conditions.For example, the recorded audio data is digitized using a codec thatdigitally encodes audio data derived from one or more RMT's 18 internalor external microphones 80, or via some other input to the RMT 18. Thisprocess compresses the data for more efficient use of transmissionbandwidth and less internal storage space and also filters the data forunwanted sounds or noise. In one embodiment, for example, a Speex codecis used. The codec runs on the microprocessor 74 in the RMT 18 or thehub transceiver 16, and is used for audio encoding and decoding. Theencoding and decoding software can be configured to ignore certainsounds or frequencies, emphasize certain sounds or frequencies, ordetect specific noises, such as gun shots. In embodiments of the presentinvention adapted to identify the sound of gun shots, the presence ofone or more gun shots may also be used to activate the Emergency/OfficerDown mode to the hub transceiver 16 or other RMT 18 of the presentsystem 10.

The system 10 allows for the RMT 18 to transmit to a foreign hubtransceiver 16 when the hub transceiver 16 the RMT 18 is supposed totransmit to (the native transceiver) is outside a transmit range orotherwise unavailable. In more detail, a security code embedded in everytransmission contains seed values for generating a pseudo-random hopsequence and hop channels, allowing the RMT 18 to synchronize with theforeign hub transceiver's hop sequence and signal for help if thepreferred or native RMT channel is unavailable. The RMT 18 periodicallytransmits back to the hub transceiver 16 during a standby/linked mode sothe hub transceiver 16 knows if the RMT 18 is in the transmit range. Ifthe RMT 18 is outside of the transmit range, the RMT 18 first tries totransmit data (or enter Emergency/Officer Down mode if sending adistress signal) on its native channels, assuming it is already linkedto a hub transceiver 16. If it is not linked to a hub transceiver 16 ordoes not receive a response from a hub transceiver 16, the RMT 18 beginsscanning a list of channels available for any hub transceiver 16 andsecurity code programmed in the RMT 18. This is a priority scan thatalternates with the RMT's own hop list channels. If the RMT 18 detects aforeign hub transceiver security code, the RMT 18 uses the security codeas a seed for the hop list generator. The RMT 18 immediately knows wherein the hop sequence it is, based upon the channel on which the securitycode was received. The RMT 18 will temporarily operate as an availableRMT for the foreign hub transceiver 16, sending identification datapackets to let the foreign hub transceiver know it is a visitor RMTtransmitting data or sending a distress signal. If the foreign hubtransceiver 16 acknowledges the RMT data, the RMT 18 will maintain thehopping sequence until the session is ended by either the RMT 18 or theforeign hub transceiver 16. The RMT 18 returns to its regular hopsequence after the session with the foreign hub transceiver 16 ends. Ifthe session ends prematurely, the RMT 18 resumes searching for anyavailable hub transceiver 16.

When an RMT 18 of the present system 10 is in a power-down mode due toinactivity or for any other reason, it is contemplated that depressionor activation of any input can bring the RMT 18 out of power-down mode.Although a specific input may be designated for this task, it ispreferred that any depressed input serve this function in order toquickly and more efficiently bring the RMT out of power-down mode whenneeded.

The RMT 18 of embodiments of the present invention is further operableto transmit its location, detected via the GPS transceiver 64, to thehub transceiver 18, the host controller 14, another RMT 18, or otherdevice in a vehicle for display of the RMT's location on a map,including in relation to a location of the vehicle or the other RMT 18.In some embodiments of the present system 10, the GPS information isalways transmitted through the hub transceiver 16 prior to beingtransmitted to the other RMT 18. Dead reckoning and time-of-flight canbe used, in one embodiment, to calculate a predicted location of an RMT18 if the GPS signal from that RMT is lost. Further, a similarcalculation can be utilized to provide the user with a predictedlocation of a hub transceiver 16 if the RMT loses communication with thehub transceiver. The RMT 18 can also transmit voice directions betweenthe hub transceiver 16 and one or more RMTs 18, or between individualRMTs, in order to guide the user to a desired location. The voicedirections may be electronically generated by the RMT 18 or othercomponent of the present system. Information is preferably provided tothe user via a speaker 82, which in alternative embodiments may becoupled with an ear piece.

As noted above, data can be received from and transmitted to the RMT 18and any combination of another RMT, the hub transceiver 16, and the hostcontroller 14. Data can be transmitted wirelessly via the Internet, aWi-Fi link, and/or a radio frequency link. Alternatively or in addition,each RMT 18 and hub transceiver 16 includes a USB port, an Ethernetport, an SD card, or other suitable connector for transferring datamanually. RMT and hub transceiver firmware can, in various embodiments,be updated via direct connection, such as USB, J-TAG, and other suitableconnections, or by radio link. Data bit rate can be changed in anyembodiment of the present system 10 to increase the range of the variouscomponents of the present system. Further, software used by anycomponents of the present system 10 may be updatable in the field viaWi-Fi, RF, or other wireless communication methods, or via a wiredconnection to other components of the present system.

The system 10 may include a substantially automatically adjustabletransmit power output of up to approximately 1 W for improvedperformance and greater range, even in less than ideal conditions,whereby a GPS location may be factored into power adjustmentcalculations. In one example of the RMT 18 including an automaticallyadjustable power output, the hub transceiver 16 may periodicallybroadcast a signal providing, along with other information, its GPSlocation. Any RMT 18 receiving such information from the hub transceiver16 compares its own GPS location to that of the hub transceiver 16.Based on the compared locations of the hub transceiver 16 and the RMT18, the RMT 18 can then calculate the optimum power level at which totransmit data, thereby maximizing efficiency of power usage. Thecalculations can also be carried out by the hub transceiver 16 or thehost controller 14 to take advantage of greater processor power or otherfeatures. A power setting based on the calculated information can thenbe transmitted to the RMT 18.

Alternatively, power in the RMT 18 may be incrementally increased untilcommunication is established with the closest hub transceiver 16, suchthat the RMT 18 is using the minimal amount of power necessary tocommunicate with the hub transceiver 16. An even further but relatedalternative is to generally continuously, or at least frequently, suchas every 2-20 seconds, monitor the signal strength levels between an RMTand a hub transceiver or another RMT. The signal strength levels wouldthen be communicated to the other of the RMT and the hub transceiver soas to maximize power output.

Other features, such as factoring into the power settings the nature ofthe terrain or the presence of structures, could also be incorporated.RMTs 18 or the hub transceiver 16 of embodiments of the presentinvention can, for example, include a topographic GPS map. This map maybe downloaded in the field or may be provided to the RMT 18 prior to usein the field. The topographical information relating to the area inwhich the RMT 18 is being used may be included in the optimum powercalculation. Likewise, the presence of buildings or other structures,and even the material components of those structures, such as stone orsteel, may be provided to the RMT 18 or the hub transceiver 16 andutilized to calculate optimum power levels. The GPS functionality of thepresent system 10 can also be used by various components of the system10 to obtain accurate time information.

Embodiments of the present invention may also optimize power usage aswell as data transfer speeds through the use of time or frequencydivision. By allocating bandwidth to various components of the system 10over time, the hub transceiver 16 of the present system 10 is able tomaximize the throughput of data. Similarly, data transmitted from thehub transceiver 16 may be on one set of frequencies, whereas datatransmitted from the RMTs 18 may be on another set of frequencies. Thisserves to effectively increase the bandwidth of the system 10 as awhole. Further, the hub transceiver 16 may be associated with a singlecontroller (not shown) that is configured to control two or more RMTs18, each on a different frequency. Multiple controllers would then becontrolled by the host controller 14.

Another embodiment of the present system 10 includes multi-frequencycapability for use in different countries, accomplished by installingcomponents for the proper frequencies. For example, use of the presentsystem 10 in various countries may require hub transceiver antennas andRMT antennas adapted for use in those countries. Further, components inthe radio frequency filtering circuits may also vary from country tocountry, as may frequency crystals or oscillators.

The RMTs 18 and hub transceiver 16 of the present invention are alsoable, in some embodiments, to spool any data acquired during operationof the respective device to local, onboard memory. Thus, if the RMT 18,for example, is out of communication with the hub transceiver 16 at anytime, due to geographic reasons, for example, or because of obstructionsbetween the RMT 18 and hub transceiver 16, the data being collected bythe RMT 18 is not lost, but can be retrieved later, either when the RMT18 is back in range of the hub transceiver 16, or via a later wiredconnection.

Each RMT 18 or hub transceiver 16 is operable as a node orrouter/repeater to allow the RMTs and hub transceiver to act as a meshnetwork, extending the range and providing additional capabilities.Thus, the hub transceiver 16, for example, can communicate with the RMT18, and the RMT 18 can in turn communicate with a second RMT or a secondhub transceiver. In addition to allowing an increased range fortransmitting data, the mesh network allows communications to transmitaround obstacles as would be desirable, for example, in an undergroundgarage. This feature also assists in individual RMTs in the networkcommunicating with each other or transmitting data from one RMT toanother. An advantageous use of the mesh network is the provision ofadditional routes and increased distances for transmitting data orsignals, such as an Emergency/Officer Down signal. Any bi-directionalrepeater would preferably include at least two transmitting and tworeceiving ports and preferably three transmitting and three receivingports.

Although the invention has been disclosed with reference to variousparticular embodiments, it is understood that equivalents may beemployed and substitutions made herein without departing from the scopeof the invention as recited in the claims.

1. A remote monitoring system for use by law enforcement personnel, theremote monitoring system comprising: a remote monitoring transmitterhaving a processor, an on-board memory, and an input device forcapturing input data and configured to be worn by a law enforcementofficer, said remote monitoring transmitter configured with a biometricsensor for detecting a condition of a user and further configured forsending an emergency signal based on the condition of the user; and atleast one hub transceiver in bi-directional communication with said atleast one remote monitoring transmitter, said hub transceiver having aprocessor and a memory and being associated with a law enforcementvehicle, said system being configured to transmit at least a portion ofthe captured input data to the hub transceiver when a remote monitoringtransmitter of the at least one remote monitoring transmitter is withina transmit range of the hub transceiver for storage on the hubtransceiver's memory, said system being configured to store at least aportion of the captured input data on the on-board memory of the remotemonitoring transmitter when the remote monitoring transmitter is notwithin said transmit range of the hub transceiver.
 2. The remotemonitoring system of claim 1, wherein the remote monitoring transmitteris further configured to transmit the captured input data stored in theon-board memory to the hub transceiver when the remote-monitoringtransmitter reenters transmit range of the hub transceiver.
 3. Theremote monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the remote monitoringtransmitter is further configured to transmit the captured input datastored in the on-board memory to an additional remote monitoringtransmitter for further transmission to the hub transceiver.
 4. Theremote monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the remote monitoringtransmitter transmits to the hub transceiver via a Wi-Fi link.
 5. Theremote monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the hub transceiverretransmits the data received from the remote monitoring transmitter toa host controller via a radio-frequency link.
 6. The remote monitoringsystem of claim 1, wherein the input device is a microphone and whereinthe captured input data is audio data.
 7. The remote monitoring systemof claim 1, wherein the input device is a GPS receiver and wherein thecaptured input data is positional data for the law enforcement officer.8. The remote monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the input device isa video camera and wherein the captured input data is video data.
 9. Theremote monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the input device is afingerprint scanner and wherein the captured input data is fingerprintdata of a suspect.
 10. The remote monitoring system of claim 1, whereinthe input device is a breath alcohol content intake and wherein thecaptured input data is BAC data.
 11. A remote monitoring transmitterconfigured to be worn or carried by a law enforcement officer,comprising: a processor; an input device for capturing input data; abiometric sensor for detecting a condition of the law enforcementofficer; a transmitter; and one or more non-transitory computer-readablemedia, wherein the one or more non-transitory computer-readable mediastore computer-executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, cause the remote monitoring system to: determine an emergencybased on the detected condition of the user and, in response, cause thetransmitter to transmit an emergency signal; determine whether theremote monitoring transmitter is in transmit range of a hub transceiverassociated with a law-enforcement vehicle; if the remote monitoringtransmitter is in transmit range of the hub transceiver, cause thetransmitter to transmit at least a portion of the captured input data tothe hub transceiver for storage at the hub transceiver; if the remotemonitoring transmitter is not in transmit range of the hub transceiver,cause the at least a portion of the captured input data to be stored inthe one or more non-transitory computer-readable media.
 12. The remotemonitoring transmitter of claim 11, wherein the remote monitoringtransmitter is further configured to transmit the captured input datastored in the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media to thehub transceiver when the remote-monitoring transmitter reenters transmitrange of the hub transceiver.
 13. The remote monitoring transmitter ofclaim 11, wherein the remote monitoring transmitter is furtherconfigured to transmit the captured input data stored in the on-boardmemory to an additional remote monitoring transmitter for furthertransmission to the hub transceiver.
 14. The remote monitoringtransmitter of claim 11, wherein the transmitter transmits via a Wi-Filink.
 15. The remote monitoring transmitter of claim 11, wherein the hubtransceiver retransmits the data received from the remote monitoringtransmitter to a host controller via a radio-frequency link.
 16. Theremote monitoring transmitter of claim 11, wherein the input device is amicrophone and wherein the captured input data is audio data.
 17. Theremote monitoring transmitter of claim 11, wherein the input device is aGPS receiver and wherein the captured input data is positional data forthe law enforcement officer.
 18. The remote monitoring transmitter ofclaim 11, wherein the input device is a video camera and wherein thecaptured input data is video data.
 19. The remote monitoring transmitterof claim 11, wherein the input device is a fingerprint scanner andwherein the captured input data is fingerprint data of a suspect. 20.The remote monitoring transmitter of claim 11, wherein the input deviceis a breath alcohol content intake and wherein the captured input datais BAC data.